Medium2 marksMultiple Choice
Corporate and Business LawSection BSyllabus BObligationsMTQ

ACCA · Question 46 · Corporate and Business Law

SCENARIO 1: AeroLogistics Ltd, a cross-border freight forwarder, emails a quote to ship machinery for Zenith Manufacturing, stating 'Subject to AeroLogistics Standard Terms'. Zenith replies with a purchase order stating 'Order placed subject to Zenith Purchasing Terms'. AeroLogistics receives the order, does not object, and ships the machinery.

Under contract law, whose terms govern the contract?

Answer options:

A.

AeroLogistics Ltd's terms, because they made the initial offer.

B.

Zenith Manufacturing's terms, because their purchase order was a counter-offer which AeroLogistics accepted by performance.

C.

Neither party's terms; the contract is void for uncertainty.

D.

A mixture of both terms, decided by a judge based on fairness.

How to approach this question

Apply the 'battle of the forms' rules and the concept of counter-offers.

Full Answer

B.Zenith Manufacturing's terms, because their purchase order was a counter-offer which AeroLogistics accepted by performance.✓ Correct
This is a classic 'battle of the forms' scenario. Under the rule in Butler Machine Tool Co Ltd v Ex-Cell-O Corp (England) Ltd, Zenith's reply with their own terms is not an acceptance, but a counter-offer (destroying the original offer). When AeroLogistics ships the machinery without objection, they accept Zenith's counter-offer by conduct. Therefore, Zenith's terms apply.

Common mistakes

Assuming the first person to send terms wins, or that terms can be mixed.

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