The researchers who carried out the described questionnaire would like you to do a follow-up study.

The participants who took part in the questionnaire have also agreed to be participants for your study.

You are also able to use the ratings they gave themselves for the different personality traits.

Describe how you would design a field experiment to find out more about how personality affects whether people would say something when witnessing anti-social behaviour.

In your answer include:

• a description of the procedure you would use
• what your dependent variable would be.

A field experiment is conducted in a real-world environment, not a lab. Participants are often unaware they are in a study. In this design, the independent variable would be the participant's personality trait (e.g., high confidence vs. low confidence), which is already known from the questionnaire. The procedure involves staging an event (the anti-social behaviour) and observing the outcome. The dependent variable is the behaviour that is measured to see if the IV had an effect. By operationalising the DV (making it measurable, e.g., a yes/no checklist), the researcher can collect quantitative data and compare the behaviour of participants with different personality traits.