Different types of disease may interact. Scientists studied the incidence of malaria infections in children:
• with disorder S
• without disorder S.
The incidence of malaria in children with disorder S was calculated as a percentage of the incidence in children without disorder S. Table 4 shows the results. Describe what the results in Table 4 show about the interaction between disorder S and malaria.

The results show an interaction where disorder S appears to offer some protection against malaria. 1. **General Protection:** All the percentage values are below 100%. This means that in every age group studied, children with disorder S had a lower incidence of malaria compared to children without the disorder. This suggests having disorder S is advantageous in areas where malaria is common. 2. **Age-related Trend:** The protective effect is strongest in the 8 to 10 age group, where the incidence of malaria is only 45% of that in children without disorder S. The protection seems to decrease from age 2 up to age 10, but then the incidence rises again for children over 10 (to 73%), suggesting the protective effect may weaken in older children. (This pattern is characteristic of Sickle Cell Anaemia, where being a carrier (heterozygous) provides resistance to malaria).