Medium2 marksMultiple Choice
The law of obligationsSyllabus BContract LawDamagesRemoteness
This question is part of a case study — click to read the full scenario(Case 46)

Section B - Scenario 1

SCENARIO: 'AeroKelp Ltd' is a deep-sea kelp harvesting company. They contracted with 'SubmersiTech' to repair their specialized underwater drones by 1st May. SubmersiTech failed to complete the repairs until 15th May. Because of this delay, AeroKelp could not harvest kelp during peak season, losing £20,000 in standard profits. Furthermore, AeroKelp lost a highly lucrative, secret contract with a pharmaceutical company worth £100,000, which required delivery of rare kelp by 10th May. SubmersiTech was completely unaware of this pharmaceutical contract.

QUESTION: What type of breach of contract has SubmersiTech committed?

ACCA · Question 47 · The law of obligations

Section B - Scenario 1

SCENARIO: 'AeroKelp Ltd' is a deep-sea kelp harvesting company. They contracted with 'SubmersiTech' to repair their specialized underwater drones by 1st May. SubmersiTech failed to complete the repairs until 15th May. Because of this delay, AeroKelp could not harvest kelp during peak season, losing £20,000 in standard profits. Furthermore, AeroKelp lost a highly lucrative, secret contract with a pharmaceutical company worth £100,000, which required delivery of rare kelp by 10th May. SubmersiTech was completely unaware of this pharmaceutical contract.

QUESTION: Applying the rules of remoteness of damage, which losses can AeroKelp recover from SubmersiTech?

Answer options:

A.

Both the £20,000 and the £100,000.

B.

Only the £20,000 standard profits.

C.

Only the £100,000 pharmaceutical contract.

D.

Neither, as AeroKelp should have had backup drones.

How to approach this question

Apply the two limbs of Hadley v Baxendale to the two different types of financial loss.

Full Answer

B.Only the £20,000 standard profits.✓ Correct
The rule in Hadley v Baxendale dictates that damages are recoverable if they arise naturally from the breach (Limb 1 - the £20k standard profit) or if they were in the reasonable contemplation of both parties at the time of contracting (Limb 2 - special circumstances). Because the £100k contract was secret, it fails Limb 2 and is too remote.

Common mistakes

Assuming all consequential financial losses are automatically recoverable.

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